Tooth whitening: what are the risks?

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Extract from the article: Teeth whitening refers to procedures designed to lighten the colour of teeth. This procedure is generally carried out by a dental surgeon, but is increasingly offered by beauty salons.

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Expert: Dr Georges Tokofai, Dental Surgeon, Director of the Lomé International Dental Centre (CDIL)

 

Teeth whitening refers to procedures designed to lighten the colour of teeth. This procedure is generally carried out by a dental surgeon, but is increasingly offered by beauty salons. Scaling is the first step, because only teeth that are already clean are lightened. Scaling is therefore a ‘must’ before any whitening. It is a medical procedure. It must be carried out by an oral health professional. It consists of removing tartar and plaque by ‘scraping’, and then above all polishing the surface of the teeth to recreate a healthy environment and make them easier to clean. In most cases, for superficial discolouration, this simple scaling can be sufficient, as the teeth regain their natural brightness and whiteness. That's why it's so important to see your dentist for a precise diagnosis before any treatment.

In the case of more persistent or unsightly discolouration, it will be necessary to resort to a dental lightening technique commonly known as teeth whitening. Tooth whitening requires a precise examination by a dental professional, as not all teeth can be treated. The dentition must be prepared for the treatment by first treating any cavities, gum disease or other pre-existing pathologies that may complicate, prevent or hinder successful whitening.

 Bleaching techniques

 There are two professional whitening techniques, always carried out by a dentist who has mastered the techniques of cosmetic dentistry: whitening carried out in the dentist's office, whitening carried out at home by the patient himself or herself, or the two techniques combined, i.e. whitening carried out in the dentist's office followed by whitening carried out at home.

The products used depend on the technique used. Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide are the most commonly used. There are precise concentrations that must be respected for best results. These products are effective but not without risk.  The more hydrogen peroxide a product contains or releases, the more effective and potentially dangerous it is. Teeth whitening may also be contraindicated in certain cases. The product is particularly harmful to teeth with cavities, wear lesions or hypersensitivity.

 It is this whitening agent that is likely to be dangerous. Undiluted, hydrogen peroxide swallowed in large quantities can be fatal.

 Consult a dental practice

 In view of these risks, we formally advise people not to undergo this type of treatment in beauty salons, smile bars or other beauty workshops. Treatment should be carried out in dental surgeries run by qualified professionals with extensive experience in the field. It should be emphasised that the bleaching products used by non-professionals in the field of oral health have a very low concentration and are therefore not effective in achieving reproducible and satisfactory results for the patient or client. 

 Only the dentist can control the concentration of the products and their application time to achieve optimum results. And, above all, to avoid unfortunate consequences for the health of the mouth and teeth and for the patient's health in general. It is therefore essential to make an appointment with your dental surgeon before starting any dental whitening treatment.

 

Interview by Jean ELI